Insects and bugs are both types of arthropods, which are animals that have an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed legs. However, the term "insect" is a scientific term that refers to a specific group of arthropods, while the term "bug" is a more general, colloquial term that can refer to any small creature that is creepy or crawly.
All bugs are insects, but not all insects are bugs. Insects are characterized by a specific set of features, including three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and three body segments (the head, thorax, and abdomen). Bugs, on the other hand, are a subgroup of insects that have specific features such as modified forelegs and a beak-like mouth. Specifically, bugs belong to the order Hemiptera, which includes common examples such as cicadas, stink bugs, and aphids.
So in simple words, all bugs are insects but not all insects are bugs. Bugs are a type of insect, but there are many other types of insects as well, such as beetles, butterflies, and ants.